Understanding Silicosis: A preventable Lung Disease

Silicosis is a preventable yet incurable lung disease affecting Australian workers exposed to silica dust.

Once thought to be a disease of the past, silicosis is now a growing health crisis — especially among young tradies and stone benchtop workers. At ADDRI, we’re working to reverse this trend through evidence-based research, advocacy, and support.

Whether you’re worried about past exposure, navigating a new diagnosis, or supporting someone with silicosis, this page will help you understand the risks, symptoms, and what steps to take next.

What is Silicosis?

Silicosis is a progressive lung disease caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica — tiny dust particles released when materials like engineered stone, bricks or concrete are cut, ground or drilled.

These particles can settle deep in the lungs, leading to inflammation, scarring, and reduced lung function. Over time, the damage becomes permanent. And while there’s no cure, early diagnosis and proper care can help slow the disease’s progress and improve quality of life.

Who is at risk?

Anyone who works around silica dust is at risk — particularly in the construction, mining, tunnelling and stone fabrication industries. But the most alarming rise in cases has come from those working with engineered stone — a popular material used in kitchen and bathroom benchtops.

In fact, in Australia, up to one in four engineered stone workers may develop a silica-related disease. That’s why a nationwide ban on engineered stone has taken effect from 1 July 2024 in most jurisdictions.

If you’ve worked with these materials, even years ago, it’s important to speak with your doctor and consider a health check-up.

Recognising the symptoms

Silicosis can take years to show any symptoms at all – and by then, much of the damage may already be done.

Many people first notice shortness of breath, a dry cough that doesn’t go away, or fatigue after mild activity. Others experience chest tightness, wheezing or frequent chest infections. Because these signs are easy to overlook or dismiss, especially in younger, active workers, regular screening is vital.

Types of Silicosis

Silicosis isn’t a one-size-fits-all condition. It can develop at different speeds, depending on how much silica dust a person has inhaled — and for how long.

Acute silicosis can appear within weeks or months of very high exposure. It progresses quickly and can be life-threatening.

Accelerated silicosis develops within a decade of significant exposure — often seen in those working with engineered stone.

Chronic silicosis takes more than 10 years to develop, usually from lower but ongoing exposure.

All forms are serious, but the faster types tend to progress more rapidly and can be more difficult to manage.

Getting a diagnosis

If you think you may have been exposed to silica dust, speak to your GP and explain your work history.

Doctors typically use a combination of imaging tests (like X-rays or CT scans), lung function tests, and blood test to diagnose silicosis.

Occupational health screening programs — often provided by employers or state authorities — can offer early detection even before symptoms start.

Is there a cure?

Unfortunately, there is no cure for silicosis. But treatment can reduce symptoms, improve breathing, and enhance day-to-day life.

Depending on your condition, your care team may explore:

• Anti-fibrotic medications or corticosteroids
• Pulmonary rehabilitation programs
• Whole lung lavage (to wash out silica dust)
• Oxygen therapy
• In advanced cases, lung transplant
• Vaccinations against flu, COVID-19, and pneumonia are also recommended to reduce the risk of complications.

How to prevent Silicosis in the workplace

The good news? Silicosis is entirely preventable.

Safe work practices — like using water during cutting, using tools with dust extraction, and wearing proper respirators — dramatically reduce risk.

Australian safety laws now require employers to control exposure, conduct air monitoring, and offer regular health checks. These protections matter: no one should get sick from doing their job.

Did you know?
From 1 July 2024, Australia enforced a world-first ban on engineered stone due to its proven link to silicosis.

Where to get support

Living with silicosis can be overwhelming — but help is available.

Visit the Silicosis Support Hub for detailed guidance on managing the disease, accessing support services, and understanding your rights.

You can also hear from patients and experts on the Dust Diseases Podcast or subscribe to our newsletter to stay updated on new research and support programs.

Our work at ADDRI

At ADDRI, we’re focused on ending dust-related diseases like asbestos, silicosis and mesothelioma through:

• Groundbreaking research into causes, treatments, and prevention
• Collaborations with health professionals and industry leaders
• Community education, advocacy, and outreach
• Patient-centred support and practical tools

You can get involved by joining a study, sharing your experience, or helping spread the word.

As at 1 July 2024, engineered stone is banned in most parts of Australia due to the risk to Australian workers of developing silicosis.

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