Silicosis in Sydney tunnelling projects: strengthening the systems that keep workers safe

The recent diagnoses of 13 workers with silicosis—linked to tunnelling projects in Sydney including the M6 Stage 1—are a sobering reminder of the risks faced by Australians working with respirable crystalline silica (RCS). These workers, some as young as 32, are now managing a preventable disease with lifelong impacts.

At the Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute (ADDRI), we join our partners across government, health, and industry in recognising the importance of this moment. Australia has made substantial progress in reducing occupational dust disease risk—but these recent cases show that more can and must be done to strengthen protections.

Silicosis in the news

You can watch some of the recent news coverage linked here: Watch 7NEWS report on silica dust risk and silicosis in Sydney tunnelling projects

The NSW Government has established a special and very important taskforce to address the risks of silica dust exposure among underground workers in Sydney’s major tunnel projects. The taskforce is investigating how to protect workers from potentially lethal dust, announcing new health monitoring protocols. It has been wonderful to see the invaluable expertise of Professor Tim Driscoll and Kate Cole OAM informing this effort.

This news and formation of the taskforce has also coincided with the release of a new resource developed by ADDRI, in partnership with Australian and global experts on silicosis in healthcare, research, compensation and legal areas. The Silicosis Support Hub (silicosis.org.au ) is a dedicated resource to support anyone impacted by silicosis and silica-related disease. Whether you’re a worker or family member, the Hub offers easy access to information, services and guidance.

What is silicosis?

Silicosis is an incurable lung disease caused by prolonged exposure to fine silica dust particles—often generated during tunnelling, stone cutting, demolition, and other industrial activities. Once inhaled, these particles can lodge deep in the lungs, leading to inflammation, scarring, and long-term respiratory decline.

Symptoms often emerge slowly and may include:

• Persistent cough
• Breathlessness, especially on exertion
• Fatigue and chest pain
• Greater susceptibility to infections

Silicosis can be life-limiting—but it is also entirely preventable through appropriate control measures and early intervention.

The Sydney tunnel diagnoses: what we know

SafeWork NSW has confirmed that 13 tunnel workers—employed across several sites—have developed silicosis following occupational exposure. A silica compliance taskforce has been established to investigate the circumstances and prevent further cases.

These developments come at a time of increasing national focus on silica safety. Australia is now the first country in the world to ban engineered stone, a landmark step in protecting workers from high-risk exposure. States and territories have also expanded screening programs for exposed workers and strengthened recognition of dust diseases within workers’ compensation schemes.

We acknowledge the swift responses from regulators, unions, and government leaders who are working together to reinforce safety protocols and support those affected.

The broader picture: why continued vigilance matters

While Australia has world-leading frameworks for occupational health, real-world conditions can still pose risks—particularly on large, fast-paced infrastructure projects where workforce mobility and subcontracting complicate oversight.

Silicosis, like other occupational dust diseases, can develop silently over years. That’s why long-term health surveillance, consistent dust mitigation, and strong cross-jurisdictional collaboration are so essential.

Preventing silicosis: what works

Evidence shows that silicosis can be prevented through a combination of engineering controls, health monitoring, and workforce education.

Key measures include:

• Dust suppression: Use of water, ventilation and local exhaust systems to limit airborne silica
• Workforce training: Ensuring all workers understand the risks and controls related to silica exposure
• Respiratory protection: Where required, provision and enforcement of properly fitted, rated respiratory protective equipment
• Medical screening: Access to regular lung health checks, including chest imaging and lung function tests

ADDRI’s role: supporting workers and safer workplaces through research and education

As Australia’s national research body for asbestos and dust diseases, ADDRI is committed to working collaboratively with regulators, clinicians, unions, and policymakers to reduce the burden of diseases like silicosis.

Through our dedicated initiative silicosis.org.au, ADDRI provides:

• Independent, evidence-based information on silica exposure and health
• Resources for workers, employers, GPs, and health professionals
• Support pathways for those diagnosed with silicosis or concerned about their risk
• Updates on screening programs, regulatory changes, and treatment options

We also provide a dedicated support service for those affected by silica exposure, silicosis, or who care for someone who is affected. Our Silica Support Nurse can guide you through screening or diagnosis, treatment and access to further support options.

We are proud to support a national effort that includes government-led reforms, industry compliance initiatives, and healthcare-led screening and treatment programs.

Working together: what we can all do

For Employers and Industry

Continue to lead by example. Ensure dust mitigation strategies are in place, understood, and enforced across every worksite.

For Workers

Know your rights and ensure you work within protective guidelines. Speak up about unsafe conditions. Participate in available health screening programs and talk to your GP if you have concerns.

For Health Professionals

Remain vigilant. Consider silica exposure in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms, and refer for further screening when appropriate.

For Policymakers

Maintain momentum. Ongoing investment in prevention, enforcement, and compensation systems is essential to protect future generations of workers.

Conclusion

The re-emergence of silicosis in tunnelling environments is not a failure—it’s a signal. A signal that, while progress has been made, the work is not yet done.

At ADDRI, we believe that no worker should ever have to choose between earning a living and protecting their health. With continued collaboration, vigilance, and evidence-based action, we can eliminate silicosis and ensure Australia’s workplaces are among the safest in the world.

To learn more, or access support and resources, visit silicosis.org.au.